|
Martyrdom videos are video recordings, generally from Islamist jihadists who are about to take part in a suicide attack and expect to die during their intended actions. They typically include a statement by the person preparing to be a martyr for their cause. They can be of amateur or professional quality and often incorporate text, music, and sentimental clips.〔Daniel Kimmage and Kathleen Ridolfo, “Iraqi Insurgent Media: The War of Images and Ideas.” RFE.RL Special Report by Radio Liberty, June 2007, 13〕 The people in these videos typically sit or stand in front of a black Islamic flag, in their explosive-rigged vehicles (in cases of ISIS, Al-Nusra Front, Imam Bukhari Jamaat, and other Islamist groups), by media (in case of ISIS showing two teen suicide bombers by Al-Jazeera in Afghanistan) or other symbol of their allegiance. Suicide bombers considered themselves religiously justified by sharia and consider themselves to be shahid. Such videos are widely circulated for propaganda purposes following the event by the groups behind them. Martyrdom videos are psychological weapons as their primary purpose is to establish validity for their actions, inspire fear in enemies, or spread their ideology for political or religious ambitions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Multimedia Content Coding and Analysis : Unraveling the Content of Jihadi Extremeist Groups' Videospublisher=Floodhelp.uno.edu )〕 Two large groups who dispatch martyrdom videos after operations are Hezbollah and the Tamil Tigers.〔Robert Pape, Dying to Win. New York: Random House (2005): 259.〕 Martyrdom videos differ from other media used by terrorists like operational statements, topical and analytic statements, and inspirational texts.〔 ==Religious justification of suicide bombings== Martyrdom videos base their product on the religious justifiability of their actions; namely suicide attacks or martyrdom operations. Verses from the Qur'an are regularly cited in martyrdom videos to provide religious justification. Suicide is condemned in Islam according to the Qur’an, whereas martyrdom is praised. Also, fellow Muslims are not to be attacked or they commit fitna. :"You shall spend in the cause of Allah; do not throw yourselves with your own hands into destruction. You shall be charitable; Allah loves the charitable." —Qu’ran 2:195 :"Let those fight in the way of Allah who sell the life of this world for the other. Whoso fight in the way of Allah, be he slain or be he victorious, on him We shall bestow a vast reward." —Qu’ran 4:74 Suicide bombers do not see their act as an act of suicide but rather of martyrdom. This point is clearly stated in a martyrdom video by Dani Dwi Permana, a suicide bomber in the July 2009 attack in Jakarta, who says, "This is not suicide. This is what our enemies fear. It is an obligation for all (Muslims). Those who do not execute this obligation are sinners."〔Adam Gartrell, “Terror Threat in Video,” The Courier Mail (Australia), September 30, 2009.〕 By declaring his action to be obligatory for Muslims, he is using his martyrdom video to present the religious justification for his action. This view is upheld by many radical scholars fatwas.〔Shmuel Bar, Warrant for Terror: The Fatwas of Radical Islam and the Duty to Jihad. New York: Rowman and Littlefield (2006): 14〕 The call against fitna is suspended in radical fatwas as proclaimed by the martyrdom video of Tanvir Hussain, "I don’t hold any person to be innocent for the slaughter of the Muslim. Collateral damage is going to be inevitable. People are going to die."〔Adrian Shaw, “I am Over the Moon that I’ll be a Terrorist; Jet Blast Plot Accused’s Chilling Video Boast Terror Trial 1” The Mirror. April 15, 2008.〕 The term martyrdom operations is preferable for extremists, and is most frequently used in martyrdom videos, as it links the suicide bombing with the Islamic call to jihad and is thus religiously justifiable. The religious justifiability of suicide bombings hinges on its applicability to legitimate jihad, which has changed throughout time.〔Michael Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice. Princeton: Princeton University Press (2006).〕 Suicide bombings are outlined as acceptable jihad in extremist fatwas, therefore, are acceptable in Islamic law according to extremists. However, suicide bombings are not considered religiously justified by the great majority of the world's Muslims.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Martyrdom video」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|